Cytokine-robbing cells

Robbing Peter to Pay Paul

The Effect of Beta Interferon on Dendritic Cells and Cytokine Synthesis by CD4+ T Cells

Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are a key regulator of the immune response, and interferon- beta (IFN-β) is considered an immunomodulatory molecule for DC. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of IFN-β treated DC to induce cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells. Methods: Dendritic cells were generated from blood monocytes with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating fac...

Robbing the bank with a theorem prover

In this work, we present the first automated analysis of security application programming interfaces (security APIs). In particular, we analyze the API of the IBM 4758 CCA, a hardware security module for banking networks. Adapting techniques from formal analyses of security protocols, we model the API purely according its specification and assuming ideal encryption primitives. We then use the a...

Social transmission of nectar-robbing behaviour in bumble-bees.

Social transmission of acquired foraging techniques is rarely considered outside of a vertebrate context. Here, however, we show that nectar robbing by bumble-bees (Bombus terrestris)-an invertebrate behaviour of considerable ecological significance-has the potential to spread through a population at the accelerated rates typical of social transmission. Nectar robbing occurs when individuals ei...

Cytokine Regulation of Stem Cells

Different types of stem cells are targeted by a number of cytokines that alter proliferation, differentiation, or other properties of stem cells. Stem cells are known to express various cytokine genes. As IL-12, IL-14, G-CSF, and GM-CSF expression is lost after the differentiation of MSCs, these factors might have major contribution to pluripotency. Several other cytokines that are produced by ...